We remove the plaque through a deep-cleaning method called scaling and root planing. Scaling means scraping off the tartar from above and below the gum line. Root planing gets rid of rough spots on the tooth root where the germs gather, and helps remove the bacteria that contribute to the disease.
Medications
Medications may be used with treatment that includes scaling and root planing, but they cannot always take the place of surgery. Depending upon the severity of gum disease, we may still suggest surgical treatment. Long-term studies will be needed to determine whether using medications will reduce the need for surgery and whether they will be effective over a long period of time. Here are some medications that are currently used:
Medication
Prescription antimicrobial mouthrinse
What is it?
A prescription mouthrinse containing an antimicrobial agent called chlorhexidine
Why is it used?
To control bacteria when treating gingivitis and after gum surgery
How is it used?
Used like a regular mouthwash
Medication
Antiseptic "chip"
What is it?
A tiny piece of gelatin filled with the medicine chlorhexidine
Why is it used?
To control bacteria and reduce the size of periodontal pockets
How is it used?
After root planing, it's placed in the pockets where the medicine is slowly released over time.
Medication
Antibiotic gel
What is it?
A gel that contains the antibiotic doxycycline
Why is it used?
To control bacteria and reduce the size of periodontal pockets
How is it used?
Placed in the pockets after scaling and root planing, the antibiotic is released slowly over a period of about seven days.
Medication
Antibiotic micro-spheres
What is it?
Tiny, round particles that contain the antibiotic minocycline
Why is it used?
To control bacteria and reduce the size of periodontal pockets
How is it used?
Micro-spheres placed into the pockets after scaling and root planing, the particles release minocycline slowly over time.
Medication
Enzyme suppressant
What is it?
A low dose of the medication doxycycline that keeps destructive enzymes in check
Why is it used?
To hold back the body's enzyme response -- If not controlled, certain enzymes can break down gum tissue.
How is it used?
This medication is in pill form. It is used in combination with scaling and root planing.